If we go back to the previous example of “I went shopping yesterday,” the word yesterday refers to September 11, 2019, the day before the day I am currently writing this article. Time deixis refers to the current time in when the utterance is spoken. This is similar to the word go, Time Deixis If I say the word come, I am referring to pointing to a direction towards my current location. Place deixis is also useful for verbs such as come and go. Again we can replace here with what it is referring to be “I am in my office.” If I said “I am here,” the word here refers to my current location, which as I write this is in my office. Place deixis refers to where the speaker is. However, if you were to say the sentence “I went shopping yesterday,” the I in the sentence would refer to your name.Īll personal pronouns work like this with the most obvious pronouns being I and you, Place Deixis For example, if I, Josh, produce the utterance “I went shopping yesterday,” the meaning of the word I is “Josh.” We can rephrase the sentence to “Josh went shopping yesterday” and the sentence’s meaning will remain the same. When a speaker produces the word I that pronoun refers to that specific speaker. Person deixis refers to to personal pronouns such as I, you, he, and they. These deictic elements’ meaning comes from the speaker and his or her location, time of speaking the utterance, and position of the utterance in the discourse.ĭeictic words’ meaning changes depending on the speaker or writer. What is Deixis?ĭeixis is a “speaker-centric notion.” That is, a speaker uses deixis and deictic elements while producing language. When speaking or writing you are constantly using deixis, but what is deixis? Wikipedia defines deixis as “words and phrases… that cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information.” In this article I hope to explain the main kinds of deixis: person, place, time, and discourse deixis.
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